The answers

DEC Energy is aimed at Italian and Swiss companies with significant electricity consumption (typically above 1 GWh/year) that want to make their energy consumption renewable while reducing costs and increasing EBITDA. The energy management, sustainability and finance functions are particularly involved.

The model is based on a tripartite Commercial Agreement between DEC Energy, the producer (the plant owner) and the client (the consuming company). The company pays a one-off upfront fee and, in return, receives for the entire contract term the Guarantees of Origin produced by the plant and a share of the profits from selling the energy on the market. The company continues to buy energy from its usual supplier: the contract does not change the existing electricity procurement.

No. The DEC Energy solution is plug-in: it applies on top of existing energy procurement without changing supply contracts in place. The company continues to buy energy from its usual supplier. DEC Energy's benefits (Guarantees of Origin and profits from the energy sold) are added in a complementary way.

Buying GO on the market is a recurring and volatile cost, with no economic benefit, purely accounting value and little real impact on the territory. With DEC Energy, instead: • GO are self-produced by real, active photovoltaic plants • The fee is upfront and one-off; the economic benefit comes from sharing the profits generated by selling the energy • You get enhanced additionality, temporal matching every 15 minutes and certified geographic relevance In short, with DEC Energy sustainability stops being a cost and becomes a lever to reduce energy costs.

Contracting a plant means acquiring from the producer a multi-year right over two elements: the Guarantees of Origin and the profitability from the energy sold by the plant itself on the market. You do not buy energy, you do not acquire ownership of the plant and you do not take on any operational control over the asset. The consideration is a one-off upfront fee paid to the producer.

The upfront fee is modest: it corresponds to roughly 8-12% of the plant's value, with an average of about €100'000 per MWp. It is a one-off fee, not a recurring cost. By way of comparison, direct investment in an equivalent plant would require a CAPEX about 12 times higher.

The economic benefit combines two components: the saving from no longer needing to buy GO on the market and the share of the profits generated by selling the energy. Real case available on the platform: against an upfront fee of € 672'000, the expected shared profitability over 10 years is € 975'000 and the overall net benefit is € 401'000. The figures refer to this real case.

The term is multi-year, typically up to 10 years from the Order Date. At the end of the contract the producer regains full access to production at no additional cost, and the company has already benefited from the GO and profits for the entire term.

Yes. It is possible to contract fractions of a plant with maximum granularity, down to 0.5 MWh of annual GO production. This allows multiple companies to benefit from the same plant and lets the company tailor the contract to its own needs.

The contracts remain fully valid between the producer and the client even if DEC Energy is wound up. The Commercial Agreement is structured to ensure continuity regardless of the platform.

DEC Energy's solution is treated for accounting purposes as follows: • Upfront fee: recognised as an intangible asset (IAS 38), amortised over the contract term, with no impact on EBITDA • Saving on GO: reduction of an operating cost, with a direct positive effect on EBITDA • Profits from selling the energy: recognised as "other operating income" (IAS 1), with a positive effect on EBITDA The net effect is a structural improvement in EBITDA for the entire contract term. On request, the independent pro veritate opinion of Prof. Patrizia Tettamanzi (Bocconi University, February 2026) under IAS/IFRS principles is available.

No. The DEC Energy model is not a Power Purchase Agreement. The client does not buy electricity, does not take on obligations to offtake the energy produced and is not exposed to energy price variability as a buyer. The contract is not a derivative financial instrument under IFRS 9. DEC Energy's solution is complementary to PPA contracts.

The producer sends the GO produced to the company's account. Once received, the company can cancel the GO to offset its emissions. The GO are certified by the GSE (Gestore dei Servizi Energetici), unique and compliant with the GSE registry. The platform is integrated with the plants' inverters, offering real-time production monitoring with 15-minute granularity. On request, DEC Energy offers a GO cancellation service on the company's behalf.

Yes. The GO obtained with DEC Energy are consistent with the main international standards: SBTi Corporate Net-Zero (Scope 2), RE100, GHG Protocol Scope 2 and CSRD. Compared with buying GO directly, DEC Energy offers enhanced additionality, long-term commitment, certified geographic relevance (GO from plants in the same country as the consumption) and temporal matching every 15 minutes, best-in-class on the market.

The Commercial Agreement provides three levels of protection: 1. Producer's warranty on panels and inverters 2. All-risk insurance on the plant 3. Direct liability of the producer

DEC Energy works with a selected network of producers that propose active plants. Each candidate plant undergoes technical and legal due diligence conducted by DEC Energy before being listed on the marketplace. Only qualified plants are made available to companies. On request, DEC Energy can provide more in-depth due diligence services, which make it possible to obtain plant quality certificates directly from the sector's leading legal and technical firms.

The platform hosts active photovoltaic plants, typically with capacity of 1 MWp or more, qualified by the GSE for obtaining Guarantees of Origin. The plants are located in Italy and Switzerland, with production data available in real time.

The DEC platform is a B2B marketplace with two sides: Company side: the marketplace enables comparison of available plants, viewing of technical and financial data, contracting of plant fractions and subscription in a few clicks. After subscription, the dashboard offers portfolio management, sustainability metrics, financial data and a marketing page shareable with stakeholders. Producer side: the platform enables plant applications, monitoring of proposal status and management of profit distribution.

The DEC Explorer (available at dec-energy.ch/en/savings-calculator) is a free self-service tool that lets any company obtain, in a few seconds, a personalised analysis of the benefits achievable with DEC Energy. The company enters three non-confidential data points (annual electricity consumption, average price paid for GO and time horizon) and gets as output the net spend, the saving, the expected profits and the effect on EBITDA. The results can be downloaded as a PDF.

Each plant is connected via API to the DEC Energy platform. Production data is available in real time with 15-minute granularity.

Buying GO is a recurring and volatile cost, with no economic benefit, purely accounting value and intermediation fees that can reach 1'000%. No real impact on the territory and exposure to greenwashing risks. DEC Energy, by contrast, lets companies produce their own GO profitably, offering a solution that delivers real additionality, 15-minute temporal matching and turns sustainability from costly to profitable.

PPAs require 12-24 months of negotiation, are multi-year contracts almost impossible to revoke, with locked prices and binding volumes. They also carry very high legal and financial complexity. With DEC Energy there are no locked prices, no binding volumes and no prolonged negotiations. The contract is signed in a few weeks with full flexibility on the choice of energy supplier. The two solutions are complementary and can coexist in the same procurement strategy.

Direct investment requires a very high CAPEX (about 12 times the upfront fee of a DEC Energy contract), the need for specialist technical and legal skills, and offers very low liquidity (over 9 months to buy or sell an active plant). With DEC Energy the upfront fee is modest, management is fully outsourced and the asset does not require on-site surface area for installation.

DEC Energy enables producers to immediately unlock 50% to 70% of the equity invested in a photovoltaic plant, without losing ownership of the asset and without changing existing financing contracts. The producer receives upfront a sum equal to the discounted value of the net cash flows for the contract period, retaining full legal, managerial and accounting ownership of the plant.

The producer proposes an active plant to the DEC Energy platform. After technical and legal due diligence, the plant is listed on the marketplace and made available to companies. Once the Commercial Agreement is signed, the producer receives the upfront fee, continues to sell the electricity according to its own business model and distributes the profits to the client annually. For the entire contract term the producer also receives a fixed commission in euros per MWh to cover O&M management.

The fee received equals 45-60% of the total cash flow the plant would produce over the 10-year contract term.

No. The producer retains full ownership of the plant, full operational responsibility and continues to sell the electricity produced according to the original business model. At the end of the contract, the producer regains full access to production at no additional cost. A buyback option at a predefined price is also available at any time before expiry.

No negative impact. The upfront fee is treated as deferred revenue, not as debt. The profit sharing is treated as an operating cost, not as debt service. The solution therefore unlocks cash without worsening the NFP, which is particularly relevant for utility companies.

Typical requirements include: • GSE qualification for obtaining Guarantees of Origin • Willingness to transfer the GO to the consuming company's account • Capacity of 1 MWp or more

DEC Energy works with three main producer profiles: • Small producers (Light IPP): regional-scale independent producers, typically also active as EPC and O&M managers • IPP: medium and large independent producers, with broader portfolios • Utility companies: market leaders that need to accelerate the energy transition and optimise their portfolio

The producer fully bears the plant's O&M costs, as usual. For the entire contract term it receives a fixed recurring commission in euros per MWh to cover these costs. The producer distributes the profits to the client annually by 31 May of the following year, as provided in the Commercial Agreement.

No. The contractual structure is designed not to change existing financing contracts. The upfront fee is not classified as debt, so it does not breach financial covenants tied to the NFP.

Yes. The producer has a buyback option at a predefined price, exercisable at any time before the contract's expiry.

DEC Energy SA is a Swiss company based in Lugano. It is active on the Swiss and Italian markets, with priority on the Italian market.

Guarantees of Origin are certificates issued by the GSE (Gestore Servizi Energetici) for each MWh of renewable energy produced and fed into the grid. They are needed to declare electricity consumption as renewable under international standards. Without GO, even if a company is physically connected to a solar plant, its consumption cannot be declared renewable.

European companies are increasingly pushed to make their energy consumption renewable by three forces: 1. Access to financing: bank rates depend on ESG scores (EU Taxonomy) 2. Access to customers and suppliers: large companies measure Scope 3 emissions across the whole supply chain 3. Regulations: the CSRD requires over 50'000 companies to report the reduction of their impact by 2029 In Italy, energy-intensive companies with consumption above 1 GWh/year must already source at least 30% of their energy from renewable sources.

There are two paths: 1. DEC Explorer (dec-energy.ch/en/savings-calculator): to get a personalised analysis of the benefits in a few seconds 2. Contact the DEC Energy team: for a 45-minute meeting presenting the product and a personalised savings analysis.

• Website: dec-energy.ch • Email: info@dec-energy.ch • LinkedIn: linkedin.com/company/dec-energy • Office: Via La Santa 1, Lugano (CH)